From An African Biographical Dictionary Steve Biko was the inspiration and intellectual leader of the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) and became its martyr.
From An African Biographical Dictionary Dr. Joseph Kwame Kyeretwi Boakye Danquah, a major nationalist figure and a leader of opposition during the presidency of Kwame Nkrumah, was also a scholar and intellectual.
Zambian politician, president 1964-91. Imprisoned 1958-60 as founder of the Zambia African National Congress, in 1964 he became the first president of independent Zambia. MORE
From An African Biographical Dictionary Mzee Jomo Kenyatta was the first president of Kenya and the leading figure in his country's independence movement.
1942–, South African political leader. Mbeki was Mandela's choice as his successor as leader of the ANC, and he became the country's second postapartheid president after the ANC's landslide win in 1999.
Egyptian soldier and politician, president from 1981. He was vice-president to Anwar Sadat from 1975 and became president on Sadat's assassination in October 2001.
Egyptian army officer and political leader, first president of the republic of Egypt (1956–70). A pan-Arabist and advocate of Third-World unity, Nasser was one of the most important Arab leaders of the 20th cent.
1909–72, African political leader, prime minister (1957–60) and president (1960–66) of Ghana. Under his leadership the Gold Coast achieved (1957) independence and, in 1960, became the Republic of Ghana.
Libyan political leader. Blending Arab nationalism, revolutionary socialism, and Islamic orthodoxy, Qaddafi proceeded to run Libya's government as a stridently anti-Western dictatorship.
From Encyclopedia of African-American Writing
In the mid-1990s, Asante was enstooled as a king among the Akan of Ghana, partly in recognition for his work on Afrocentricity and for increasing our knowledge and awareness of the history and culture of Africa's people. He was bestowed the title Wanadoo of Gao in the Court of the Amiru Hassimi Maiga of Songhoy in 2012.
Writer and critic, born in Cape Town, SW South Africa. The political situation in his native country provides him with the base from which to launch his allegories and fables, attacking colonialism and demythologizing historical and contemporary myths of imperialism.
From The Faber Companion to 20th Century Popular Music The creator of the Afrobeat style of music (in which African rhythms replaced American R&B and soul rhythms), Kuti was the most politically outspoken of the African musicians who found international success in the seventies and eighties.
From Culture Wars in America: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices
With the influence of Pan-Africans in the early twentieth century, black intellectuals argued that African Americans are linked historically as well as culturally with people who are of African decent.
From Encyclopedia of South Africa
The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) emerged in the mid-1960s in response to the political vacuum left by the banning and decimation of the major groups fighting apartheid, such as the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan Africanist Congress.
From Encyclopedia of Nationalism: Leaders, Movements, and Concepts Movement in Kenya of the late 1940s and 1950s, during the period of British colonial rule. Its intent was initially to bring about new government policies that would improve conditions for Africans in Kenya, and ultimately to end British colonial rule in the country.
From Dictionary of Race, Ethnicity & Culture The term ‘negritude’ was coined to emphasize the view that, apart from skin colour and other ‘Negroid’ physical features, there are other values and characteristics which typify individuals, or peoples, with black skin.
General term for various movements in Africa that have as their common goal the unity of Africans and the elimination of colonialism and white supremacy from the continent.
South African political party, founded in 1912 as a multiracial nationalist organization with the aim of extending the franchise to the whole population and ending all racial discrimination.
From Encyclopedia of Nationalism: Leaders, Movements, and Concepts Established in Addis Ababa in 1963, the Organization of African Unity (OAU) is a vehicle for collaboration and unity among African nations.
From Encyclopedia of African History Since 1945, Africa has witnessed a range of wars, beginning with independence struggles against the colonial powers that often merged into postcolonial power struggles and civil wars, while after 1960 there have also been a number of wars between African states.
From A Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures Between 6 April and July 1994, 1 million Rwandan citizens were killed. The vast majority of these victims belonged to the Tutsi socio-ethnic group.
Two types of African sleeping sickness are caused, respectively, by Trypanosoma rhodesiense and T. gambiense, both transmitted by the bite of the tsetse fly.
Means of producing immunity against pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, by the introduction of live, killed, or altered antigens that stimulate the body to produce antibodies against more dangerous forms.
From The Columbia Encyclopedia Literary works of the African continent. African literature consists of a body of work in different languages and various genres, ranging from oral literature to literature written in colonial languages (French, Portuguese, and English).
From Encyclopedia of African History Traditional music transcends age, gender, and social class. Popular music blends local and global influences and is most fashionable among urban youth.
From Encyclopedia of African History
In many African countries that attained independence around 1960, art was seen to play an important role in celebrating the new nation, expressing a new postcolonial identity, unifying fragmented ethnic entities, and asserting traditional African culture and values.
