The sequence of the information in a citation differs based on the preference of the style guide. APA, which is mostly used in sciences, places the date of publication as the second item. It does this to stress the importance of currency of information. In the humanities, the date is not usually as important and so the date is placed last in MLA and in SBL.
In Turabian, the positioning of the date is based on the style being used: Notes and Bibliography style (humanities) tends to resemble MLA and SBL with the date at the end, and the Author-Date style (sciences), like APA places the date toward the beginning of the citation.
The MATS program follows the Turabian Notes and Bibliography Style and students should consult the SBL section in this libguide. If Turabian devites from SBL, this guide will note the deviation with an asterix (*). Additionally, section numbers are provided for the 9th edition so students can look for further information and examples.
APA 7th edition hint:
8.25 - When quoting directly, always provie the author, year, and page number of the quotation in the in-text citation.
(Talbert, 1992, p. 47) OR (Shayden et al., 2018, p.304)
Works Cited Page
Talbert, Charles H. Reading John: A Literary and Theological Commentary on the Fourth Gospel and the Johannine Epistles. Crossroads, 1992.
Citations (in-text)
(Talbert 127)
Reference Page
Talbert, C. H. (1992). Reading John: A literary and theological commentary on the fourth Gospel and the Johannine Epistles. New York: Crossroad.
Citations (in-text)
(Talbert, 1992)
Reference Page/Bibliography
Talbert, Charles H. Reading John: A Literary and Theological Commentary on the Fourth Gospel and the Johannine Epistles. New York: Crossroad, 1992.
First Citation (footnote)
15 Charles H. Talbert, Reading John: A Literary and Theological Commentary on the Fourth Gospel and the Johannine Epistles (New York: Crossroad, 1992), 127.
Other Citations (footnote)
19 Talbert, Reading John, 22.
Works Cited Page
Robinson, James M. and Helmut Koester. Trajectories Through Early Christianity. Fortress Press, 1971.
Citations (in-text)
(Robinson and Koester 237)
Reference Page
Robinson, J. M., & Koester, H. (1971). Trajectories through early Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.
Citations (in-text)
(Robinson & Koester, 1971)
-For a work with three or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus "et al." in every citation including the first citation, unless doing so would create ambiguity.
Kapoor. Bloom, Montez, Warner, and Hill (2020)
Kapoor, Bloom, Kim, Jones-Miller, and Daly (2019)
Citations (in-text)
(Kapoor et al., 2020)
(Kapoor, Bloom, Kim, et al. (2019)
Reference Page/Bibliography
Robinson, James M., and Helmut Koester. Trajectories through Early Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1971.
First Citation (footnote)
4 James M. Robinson and Helmut Koester, Trajectories through Early Christianity (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1971), 237.
Other Citations (footnote)
12 Robinson and Koester, Trajectories, 23.
Works Cited Page
National Research Council. Beyond Six Billion: forecasting the World's Population. Natl. Acad., 2000.
Citiation (in-text)
(Natl. Research Council 147)
If a reference has a group author, the name of the group can sometimes be abbreviated. You are not obligated to abbreviate the name of a group author, but you can if the abbreviation is well-known, will help avoid repetition or will appear at least three times in the paper.
In the reference list entry, do not abbreviate the group author name. Instead spell out the full name of the group as represented in the source.
Reference Page
National Research Council. (2000). Beyond six billion: Forecasting the world's population. Washington: Natl. Acad.
As with other abbreviations, provide the full name of the group on first mention in the text, followed by the abbreviation
Citations (in-text)
(National Research Council [NRC], 2000)
Subsequent citations
(NRC, 2000)
Reference Page/Bibliography
Beyond Six Billion: forecasting the World's Population. Washington: National Academy, 2000.
First Citation (footnote)
23 Beyond Six Billion: forecasting the World's Population, (Washington: National Academy, 2000), 147.
Other Citations (footnote)
25 Beyond, 183.
*Turabian
Corporate Authors - When no personal author is listed on the title page (see 17.1.1.3)
Bibliography
American Bar Association. The 2016 Federal Rule Book. Chicago: American Bar Association, 2016.
Works Cited page
Schillebeeckx, Edward. The Schillebeeckx Reader. edited by Robert J. Schreiter, T&T Clark, 1986.
Citations (in-text)
(Schillebeeckx 20)
Use the abbreviation "(Ed.)" for one editor and the abbreviations "(Eds.)" for multiple editors.
Reference Page
Schillebeeckx, E. (1986). The Schillebeeckx reader. R. J. Schreiter (Ed.). Edinburgh: T&T Clark.
Citations (in-text)
(Schillebeeckx, 1986)
Reference Page/Bibliography
Schillebeeckx, Edward. The Schillebeeckx Reader. Edited by Robert J. Schreiter. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1986.
First Citation (footnote)
45 Edward Schillebeeckx, The Schillebeeckx Reader (ed. Robert J. Schreiter; Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1986), 20.
Other Citations (footnote)
47 Schillebeeckx, Reader, 123.
*Turabian
First Citation (footnote)
45 Edward Schillebeeckx, The Schillebeeckx Reader, ed. Robert J. Schreiter (Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1986), 20.
Works Cited Page
Attridge, Harold A. "Jewish Historiography." Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters, edited by R. A. Kraft and G. W. E. Nickelsburg, Fortress Press, 1986, pp 311-43.
Citations (in-text)
(Attridge 311-43)
Reference Page
Lewin, K. (1999). Group decision and social change. In M. Gold (Ed.), The complete social scientist: A Kurt Lewin reader (pp.265-284). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10319-010 (original work published 1948)
Citations (in-text)
(Lewin, 1948/1999)
Reference Page/Bibliography
Attridge, Harold A. “Jewish Historiography.” Pages 311–43 in Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters. Edited by R. A. Kraft and G. W. E. Nickelsburg. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.
First Citation (footnote)
3 Harold W. Attridge, “Jewish Historiography,” in Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters (ed. R. A. Kraft and G. W. E. Nickelsburg; Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986), 311–43.
Other Citations (footnote)
6 Attridge, “Jewish Historiography,” 314–17.
*Turabian - Note the different placement of the Page numbers and how the editors are formatted. Also, the footnote identifies the page number of the quote while the bibliography identifies the page range of the work.
Attridge, Harold A. “Jewish Historiography.” In Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters, edited by R. A. Kraft and G. W. E. Nickelsburg, 311-43. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.
First Citation (footnote)
3 Attridge, Harold A. “Jewish Historiography.” In Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters, edited by R. A. Kraft and G. W. E. Nickelsburg, (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986), 312.
Works Cited page
Tigay, Jeffrey H., editor. Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism. University of Pennsylvania P, 1985.
Citations (in-text)
(Tigay 35)
Reference Page
Tigay, J. H. (Ed.). (1985). Empirical models for biblical criticism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Citations (in-text)
(Tigay, 1985)
Reference Page/Bibliography - * If there is an editor in addition to an author the formate changes. Include "Edited by" and the editors First name, middle initial, and last name right after the title of the work. See 17.1.1.1 for examples.
Tigay, Jeffrey H., ed. Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985.
First Citation (footnote)
5 Jeffrey H. Tigay, ed., Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985), 35.
Other Citations (footnote)
9 Tigay, Empirical Models, 38.
Works Cited page
Nickelsburg, George W. E., and Robert A. Kraft, editors. Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters. Fortress Press, 1986.
Citations (in-text)
(Nickelsburg and Kraft xii)
Reference Page
Nickelsburg, G. W. E., & Kraft, R. A. (Eds.). (1986). Early Judaism and its modern interpreters. Philadelphia, PA: Fortress.
Citations (in-text)
(Nickelsburg, G. W. E., & Kraft, R. A., 1986)
Reference Page/Bibliography
Kraft, Robert A., and George W. E. Nickelsburg, eds. Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986.
First Citation (footnote)
44 Robert A. Kraft and George W. E. Nickelsburg, eds., Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1986), xii.
Other Citations (footnote)
47 Kraft and Nickelsburg, Early Judaism, xii.
Works Cited page
Blass, F. and A. Debrunner. Grammatica del greco del Nuovo Testamento. Edited by F. Rehkoph, translated by G. Pisi, Paideia, 1982.
Citations (in-text)
(Blass and Debrunner 40)
Reference Page
Blass, F., & Debrunner, A. (1982). Grammatica del greco Nuevo Testamento. F. Rehkoph (Ed.). (G. Pisi, Tran.). Brescia: Paideia.
Citations (in-text)
(Blass & Debrunner, 1982)
Reference Page/Bibliography
Blass, F., and A. Debrunner. Grammatica del greco del Nuovo Testamento. Edited by F. Rehkopf. Translated by G. Pisi. Brescia: Paideia, 1982.
First Citation (footnote)
3 F. Blass and A. Debrunner. Grammatica del greco del Nuovo Testamento (ed. F. Rehkopf; trans. G. Pisi; Brescia: Paideia, 1982), 40.
Other Citations (footnote)
18 Blass, Grammatica, 42.
*Turabian
First Citation (footnote)
3 F. Blass and A. Debrunner. Grammatica del greco del Nuovo Testamento ed. F. Rehkopf; trans. G. Pisi (Brescia: Paideia, 1982), 40.
Other Citations (footnote)
Works Cited page
Boers, Hendrickus. Introduction. How to Read the New Testament: An Introduction to Linguistic and Historical-Critical Methodology. By Wilhelm Egger, translated by P. Heinegg, Hendrickson, 1996, xi-xxi.
Citations (in-text)
(Boers xi-xxi)
Reference Page
Boers, H. (1996). Introduction. In W. Egger (Ed.), How to read the New Testament: An introduction to linguistic and historical-critical methodology (xi-xxi). (P. Heinegg, Trans.). Peabody, MA:Hendrickson.
Citations (in-text)
(Boers, 1996)
Reference Page/Bibliography
Boers, Hendrikus. Introduction to How to Read the New Testament: An Introduction to Linguistic and Historical-Critical Methodology, by Wilhelm Egger. Translated by P. Heinegg. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1996.
First Citation (footnote)
2 Hendrikus Boers, introduction to How to Read the New Testament: An Introduction to Linguistic and Historical-Critical Methodology, by Wilhelm Egger (trans. P. Heinegg; Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1996), xi–xxi.
Other Citations (footnote)
6 Boers, “Introduction,” xi–xx.
*Turabian Note: If the part you are quoting in the introduction(forward, afterward, etc.) is someone other than the author, then give the "part" author's name first and the book author's name after the title. See 17.1.8.1
Works Cited page
Pritchard, James B., editor. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. 3rd ed., Princeton UP, 1969.
Citations (in-text)
(Ancient Near Eastern Texts xxi)
Reference Page
Pritchard, J. B. (Ed.). (1969). Ancient Near Eastern texts relating to the Old Testament. (3rd ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Citations (in-text)
(Ancient Near Eastern, 1969)
Reference Page/Bibliography
Pritchard, James B., ed. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. 3d ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
First Citation (footnote)
87 James B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament (3d ed.; Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969), xxi.
Other Citations (footnote)
110 Pritchard, Ancient, 123.
*Turabian
First Citation (footnote)
87 James B. Pritchard, ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament, 3d ed. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969), xxi.
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